Every workplace that stores or uses chemicals needs a reliable way to tell workers what those chemicals can do. That system is called hazard communication, and its two main tools are the label on the container and the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Since the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) was adopted, both look broadly the same in most countries.
What is the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?
GHS is a United Nations framework that standardises how chemical hazards are classified and communicated. Instead of every country using different symbols and wording, GHS gives one set of pictograms, signal words and hazard statements.
The elements of a GHS label
- Product identifier — the name of the chemical.
- Pictograms — red-bordered diamond symbols such as flame, skull and crossbones, corrosion, exclamation mark and environment.
- Signal word — "Danger" for more severe hazards, "Warning" for less severe ones.
- Hazard statements — for example "Causes severe skin burns and eye damage".
- Precautionary statements — how to prevent, respond to, store and dispose.
- Supplier details — name, address and phone number.
The 16 sections of a Safety Data Sheet
- Identification
- Hazard(s) identification
- Composition / information on ingredients
- First-aid measures
- Fire-fighting measures
- Accidental release measures
- Handling and storage
- Exposure controls / personal protection
- Physical and chemical properties
- Stability and reactivity
- Toxicological information
- Ecological information
- Disposal considerations
- Transport information
- Regulatory information
- Other information, including the date of the latest revision
Practical tips for supervisors
- Keep an up-to-date SDS for every chemical, and make sure workers can reach it on every shift.
- Never remove or deface a label; if you decant a chemical, label the secondary container.
- Check Section 8 before choosing gloves, respirators or eye protection.
- Check Section 10 so incompatible chemicals are never stored together.
- Train workers when a new chemical or a new hazard is introduced.
Key takeaway: Read the label first, then the SDS. If the label and the task do not match your protection, stop and ask.
Frequently asked questions
How often should an SDS be updated?
Whenever the supplier issues a revision. Review your files at least once a year and replace outdated sheets.
Do small quantities need a label?
Yes. Any container that holds a hazardous chemical needs identification, even a small spray bottle.
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