Personal protective equipment (PPE) protects workers when hazards cannot be eliminated or controlled by other means. It sits at the bottom of the hierarchy of controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls — then PPE. Because it depends on every worker using it correctly every time, selection and training matter.
Start with a hazard assessment
List the tasks, identify the hazards (impact, penetration, chemicals, heat, noise, dust, falling objects, electricity) and decide which body parts are at risk. Choose PPE that is rated for those hazards and conforms to a recognised standard.
Types of PPE and when to use them
Head protection
Safety helmets protect from falling objects and bumps. Check the shell for cracks, replace after a heavy impact and follow the manufacturer's service-life guidance.
Eye and face protection
Safety glasses for flying particles, goggles for dust and splashes, face shields for grinding and chemicals, and welding filters for arc radiation. Glasses are not goggles: choose the one that seals when splashes are possible.
Hearing protection
Required when noise exposure reaches action levels. Earplugs and earmuffs must fit and be worn for the entire exposure, not only some of it.
Respiratory protection
Choose between filtering masks, half-face and full-face respirators or supplied air depending on the contaminant and concentration. Tight-fitting respirators need a fit test, a clean-shaven seal area and the correct filter for the hazard.
Hand protection
Cut-resistant, chemical-resistant, heat-resistant or insulating gloves are different products. Check the glove's chemical resistance chart for the substance you use.
Foot protection
Safety shoes with toe caps, slip-resistant soles and, where needed, metatarsal guards or electrical insulation.
Body protection and high visibility
Coveralls, aprons, flame-retardant clothing and high-visibility vests suited to the task and environment.
Fit, comfort and compatibility
PPE that does not fit will not be worn. Offer sizes, test combinations (for example glasses with earmuffs and a helmet) and involve workers in the choice.
Inspect, store and replace
- Inspect before each use for damage, wear and expiry.
- Clean and store according to the manufacturer.
- Remove defective items from service immediately.
Key takeaway: Choose PPE for the hazard, make sure it fits, train workers, and treat it as the last line of defence.
Frequently asked questions
Who pays for PPE?
In most jurisdictions the employer must provide necessary PPE at no cost to the worker.
How often should PPE training be repeated?
When tasks, equipment or hazards change, when a worker shows they have not understood, and as a regular refresher. Explore our PPE and workplace safety courses.